Maleic Acid (99% Purity, Industrial Grade)
Maleic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with the formula HO2CCH=CHCO2H, classified under HTS 2917.19.23.00 as an acyclic polycarboxylic acid. This high-purity industrial grade product is used in the production of unsaturated polyester resins, coatings, and agricultural chemicals. It meets Chapter 29 requirements for separate chemically defined organic compounds.
Import Duty Rates by Country of Origin
Alternative Classifications
This product could be classified differently depending on its characteristics or intended use.
If imported as fumaric acid (trans-isomer)
Fumaric acid, the trans stereoisomer of maleic acid, has separate specific subheading within acyclic polycarboxylic acids.
If when supplied as aqueous solution exceeding transport concentration limits
Solutions exceeding Chapter 29 note (e) solvent limits for safety/transport may classify as chemical preparations.
If chemically modified with halogenation or sulfonation
Halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated, or nitrosated derivatives of maleic acid fall under different 2917.19 provisions.
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Import Tips & Compliance
• Provide Certificate of Analysis (COA) confirming 99% purity and maleic acid composition to verify classification under 2917.19.23.00
• Ensure proper hazardous material declaration (UN 2215) and UN-approved packaging for transoceanic shipment
• Avoid misclassification as fumaric acid (2917.19.1500) by confirming cis-isomer structure via spectroscopic data
Related Products under HTS 2917.19.23.00
Maleic Acid Anhydride-Derived Maleic Acid
Maleic acid produced through hydrolysis of maleic anhydride, explicitly covered under HTS 2917.19.23.00 as 'maleic acid' regardless of production method. Used primarily in resin manufacturing and as a precursor for malic acid production. Qualifies as chemically defined acyclic polycarboxylic acid per Chapter 29 note (a).
Pharmaceutical Grade Maleic Acid USP
Ultra-pure maleic acid meeting United States Pharmacopeia (USP) standards for pharmaceutical applications, classified under HTS 2917.19.23.00. Used as counterion in drug salt formation and synthesis intermediate for APIs. Remains classified as the pure chemical compound despite high purity standards.
Maleic Acid Flakes (Technical Grade)
Technical grade maleic acid supplied in flake form for industrial applications, classified under HTS 2917.19.23.00. The physical form (flakes vs. powder) does not affect chemical classification as maleic acid. Primarily used in polyester resin production and water treatment formulations.
Stabilized Maleic Acid for Transport
Maleic acid with added polymerization inhibitor (hydroquinone 50-200 ppm) per Chapter 29 note (f) for safe transport, classified under HTS 2917.19.23.00. Stabilizer prevents exothermic polymerization during shipping. Used in unsaturated polyester resin manufacturing.
Food Contact Grade Maleic Acid
Maleic acid meeting FDA 21 CFR 175.300 specifications for food contact applications, classified under HTS 2917.19.23.00. Used in resin production for food packaging and as processing aid. Purity exceeds 99.5% with low heavy metals.
Maleic Acid for Unsaturated Polyester Resins
High-reactivity maleic acid specifically produced for unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) manufacture, classified under HTS 2917.19.23.00. Optimized color (APHA <20) and acid number (390-410 mg KOH/g). Essential raw material for composites and gelcoats.