Other

8541.42Photovoltaic cells not assembled in modules or made up into panels

8541.43Photovoltaic cells assembled in modules or made up into panels

8541.49Other

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Products classified under Tariff item 8541.4

3W High Power COB LED

A chip-on-board (COB) LED module that integrates multiple LED chips on a single substrate to deliver 3W of warm white light. It is designed for use in spotlights and downlights, and qualifies under this tariff item as a light-emitting diode (LED) product that has not been incorporated into a complete lighting fixture.

Addressable WS2812B RGB LED

An addressable RGB LED with an integrated controller chip, allowing individual color and brightness control for pixel strips and matrices. Despite the controller, it is classified here because the primary function is light emission from semiconductor diodes, and the controller is ancillary to the LED's operation.

Automotive COB LED Headlight Chip

A high-lumen COB LED chip specifically engineered for automotive headlight applications, emitting 6000K daylight-colored light. It is classified under this item as a bare LED semiconductor device, not yet assembled into a complete headlamp unit, which would fall under a different heading.

Flip-Chip CSP LED 3030

A chip-scale package (CSP) LED in a 3030 format, using flip-chip technology for direct substrate bonding to maximize light extraction. This advanced packaging is still a light-emitting diode and falls under this tariff item as a semiconductor-based light source.

High Brightness Streetlight LED

A high-brightness LED chip rated for 200W equivalent output, designed for outdoor street lighting with enhanced thermal management. It is classified here as an industrial-grade light-emitting diode, separate from the luminaire housing and optics that would be classified elsewhere.

Infrared 850nm LED

An 850nm near-infrared LED used in night vision illuminators and remote controls, emitting light outside the visible spectrum. It falls under this tariff item because the classification covers light-emitting diodes regardless of emission wavelength, including infrared.

MCPCB Mounted LED Strip Components

Individual LEDs pre-mounted on metal core PCB (MCPCB) segments, designed for flexible light strip applications. These are classified as assembled light-emitting diodes, not complete lighting fixtures, because they lack the housing, connectors, and power supply of a finished product.

Micro LED Display Chip

A sub-millimeter pitch micro LED chip intended for next-generation display panels and AR glasses. It is classified under this item as an emerging light-emitting diode technology, as it remains a semiconductor-based light source without display driving circuitry.

Mini 0603 SMD Blue LED

An ultra-compact 0603 package SMD blue LED emitting 470nm light, used in smartphone backlights and wearables. It is classified here as a discrete light-emitting diode component, not yet integrated into a display or lighting assembly.

Oval Red LED for Traffic Signals

A high-intensity oval-shaped red LED module designed for traffic signal heads, offering a wide viewing angle. It is classified as a light-emitting diode under this item when imported as a component, separate from the traffic signal housing and control systems.

Plant Growth Purple LED

A purple LED with dual-peak emission at 660nm and 450nm, optimized for photosynthesis in horticultural grow lights. It falls under this tariff item as an application-specific light-emitting diode, not yet incorporated into a grow light fixture.

Red 5mm Through-Hole LED

A 5mm diameter through-hole LED emitting pure red light at 620nm, commonly used in indicator panels and signage. It is classified under this item as a discrete light-emitting diode component, suitable for direct mounting on circuit boards.

RGB Common Cathode LED

A tri-color RGB LED in a 5050 SMD package with a common cathode pinout, used in addressable pixel displays and decorative lighting. It is classified as a light-emitting diode under this item despite its multi-color capability, as it remains a single semiconductor component.

SMD 2835 White LED Chip

Surface-mount device (SMD) 2835 LED chips emitting cool white light at 3000K with high luminous efficacy. These are individual semiconductor devices classified under this item as light-emitting diodes, not yet assembled into lighting products.

UV 365nm LED for Curing

A 365nm ultraviolet LED designed for UV ink curing and sterilization, offering high irradiance output. It is classified under this item as a light-emitting diode regardless of its emission spectrum, which includes ultraviolet wavelengths.

Amorphous Silicon Thin-Film PV Cell

A flexible amorphous silicon thin-film photovoltaic cell designed for building-integrated photovoltaics and portable applications. As a discrete cell not assembled into modules or panels, it qualifies under tariff item 8541.42.00. Lower efficiency (6-12%) is offset by flexibility and low-light performance.

Back Contact IBC PV Cell

An Interdigitated Back Contact (IBC) monocrystalline photovoltaic cell with all electrical contacts on the rear surface, maximizing front-side light absorption. This unassembled cell is classified under tariff item 8541.42.00 as a photosensitive semiconductor device. SunPower-style design achieves efficiencies above 25%.

Bifacial N-Type Silicon PV Cell

An N-type monocrystalline photovoltaic cell capable of generating power from both front and rear surfaces, increasing energy yield. This individual photosensitive semiconductor is not assembled into modules or panels, falling under tariff item 8541.42.00. Bifacial design enhances performance in reflective environments.

CIGS Copper Indium Gallium Selenide PV Cell

A copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin-film photovoltaic cell known for high efficiency and good performance in low-light conditions. This unassembled cell is a photosensitive semiconductor device under tariff item 8541.42.00. CIGS technology offers flexibility and lightweight properties for various applications.

Half-Cut Monocrystalline PV Cell

A precision laser-cut half-size monocrystalline photovoltaic cell that reduces resistive losses when later assembled into modules. This cell remains under tariff item 8541.42.00 as it is not yet assembled into modules or panels. Half-cut design improves module efficiency and durability.

Heterojunction Silicon PV Cell (HJT)

A heterojunction (HJT) photovoltaic cell combining crystalline silicon with thin amorphous silicon layers for superior surface passivation. This individual cell, not assembled, falls under tariff item 8541.42.00. HJT technology achieves efficiencies over 26% with excellent temperature coefficients.

Industrial Grade Silicon PV Cell Wafer

An industrial-grade silicon photovoltaic cell on a wafer, ready for tabbing and module assembly, but not yet assembled. Tariff item 8541.42.00 covers this photosensitive semiconductor device. Available in standard M2 or G1 sizes for commercial production.

Monocrystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cell

A single monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell designed to convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. This cell is not assembled into modules or panels, classifying it under tariff item 8541.42.00. It is a fundamental building block for solar panels.

PERC Monocrystalline Solar Cell

A Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell (PERC) monocrystalline photovoltaic cell with enhanced rear passivation for higher efficiency. This individual cell, not assembled in modules, fits tariff item 8541.42.00 as a photosensitive semiconductor device. PERC technology is widely used in modern solar panels.

Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cell

An individual polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell used in solar energy generation, featuring multiple crystal structures for cost-effective production. It falls under tariff item 8541.42.00 because it is a discrete photosensitive semiconductor device not assembled into modules or panels.

Quantum Dot Enhanced PV Cell

A photovoltaic cell enhanced with quantum dot technology for improved light absorption across the solar spectrum. This discrete photosensitive semiconductor device is not assembled into panels, falling under tariff item 8541.42.00. Quantum dot enhancement targets multi-junction efficiency improvements.

Space-Grade Triple Junction PV Cell

A gallium arsenide-based triple junction photovoltaic cell designed for satellite power systems with high radiation tolerance. This individual cell, not assembled into space panels, falls under tariff item 8541.42.00. Efficiencies exceed 30% under AM0 spectrum conditions.

Tandem Perovskite-Silicon PV Cell

An emerging tandem photovoltaic cell stacking a perovskite top cell on a silicon bottom cell for potential efficiencies above 30%. This individual research-grade cell is not assembled into commercial modules, falling under tariff item 8541.42.00. It represents cutting-edge solar technology.

Thin-Film Cadmium Telluride PV Cell

A thin-film photovoltaic cell made from cadmium telluride (CdTe) material, offering flexibility and lower production costs for large-scale applications. This standalone photosensitive semiconductor device is classified under tariff item 8541.42.00 as it is not assembled into modules or panels.

TOPCon Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact PV Cell

An advanced TOPCon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) monocrystalline cell with ultra-low recombination losses for efficiencies exceeding 25%. This standalone cell fits tariff item 8541.42.00 as a photosensitive semiconductor device. TOPCon technology is a leading next-generation solar cell design.

Agrivoltaic Dual-Use Solar Panel

An agrivoltaic dual-use solar panel that is semi-transparent, allowing 20-30% light transmission for simultaneous crop growth and electricity generation. It is assembled from photovoltaic cells into a module, making it classifiable under tariff item 8541.43.00.

Bifacial Dual-Glass Solar Module 550W

A bifacial dual-glass solar module rated at 550W, using transparent dual-glass construction to capture light from both sides, with 144 half-cut cells for utility-scale projects. As an assembled photovoltaic module, it falls under tariff item 8541.43.00.

Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) Glass Module

A building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) glass module with integrated microcrystalline silicon cells, designed for architectural facades and skylights, generating power while serving as structural glazing. It is an assembled photovoltaic module, thus classified under tariff item 8541.43.00.

Half-Cut Cell Solar Panel 400W N-Type

An advanced 400W N-type TOPCon solar panel using half-cut cell technology to minimize shading losses and improve low-light performance, with a multi-busbar design. It is an assembled photovoltaic module, meeting the criteria for tariff item 8541.43.00.

High-Efficiency IBC Solar Module 380W

A 380W Interdigitated Back Contact (IBC) solar module that eliminates front gridline shading losses for over 23% cell efficiency, using an n-type silicon base. As an assembled photovoltaic module, it falls under tariff item 8541.43.00.

Marine Grade Solar Panel 100W IP67

A corrosion-resistant 100W monocrystalline solar panel with an IP67 junction box and anodized marine-grade frame, designed for boats, yachts, and offshore applications. It is an assembled photovoltaic module, classified under tariff item 8541.43.00.

Micro-Module Mosaic Solar Panel 320W

A 320W mosaic solar panel composed of thousands of micro-cells creating curved sculptural forms for architectural integration without a traditional rectangular appearance. It is still an assembled photovoltaic module, classified under tariff item 8541.43.00.

Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Panel 300W

A 300-watt photovoltaic panel made from high-efficiency monocrystalline silicon cells assembled into a weatherproof module with an aluminum frame and tempered glass. This product falls under tariff item 8541.43.00 as it consists of assembled photovoltaic cells.

Perovskite Tandem Solar Module Prototype

An emerging technology perovskite-silicon tandem solar module achieving over 28% efficiency through stacked cell architecture, currently at prototype stage for research applications. As an assembled photovoltaic module, it falls under tariff item 8541.43.00.

Polycrystalline Solar Module 72-Cell 400W

A standard 72-cell polycrystalline silicon PV module rated at 400 watts, featuring bypass diodes and a junction box for series wiring in ground-mount arrays. It is classified under tariff item 8541.43.00 because it comprises assembled photovoltaic cells.

Portable Solar Panel Suitcase 200W with Kickstand

A foldable 200W monocrystalline solar suitcase with an integrated kickstand, carrying handles, and MC4 connectors for camping and emergency power. The assembled PV panel modules within the portable housing fall under tariff item 8541.43.00.

Shingled Solar Technology Panel 410W

A 410W shingled thin-cut cell solar panel that eliminates busbars and ribbons for lower resistance and better aesthetics, with an all-black appearance. It is classified under tariff item 8541.43.00 as photovoltaic cells assembled into panels.

Solar Carport Panel System 350W

A 350W PV module specifically engineered for overhead carport structures with high wind/snow load ratings (5400Pa/2400Pa) and an anti-slip coating. The photovoltaic panel assembly is classified under tariff item 8541.43.00.

Thin-Film CIGS Solar Panel 100W Flexible

A lightweight 100W flexible photovoltaic panel using Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) thin-film technology on a polymer substrate, ideal for curved surface installations like boats and RVs. It meets the criteria for tariff item 8541.43.00 as an assembled photovoltaic module.

Tracker-Optimized Solar Panel 450W

A 450W single-axis tracker optimized PV panel with an elongated cell format and reinforced edge framing to withstand tracker dynamics and wind loads up to 6000Pa. Tariff item 8541.43.00 applies regardless of mounting system optimization.

Ambient Light Sensor Diode

> A silicon photodiode designed to sense ambient light levels for automatic brightness control in smartphone displays and backlighting systems. It mimics the human eye response to provide accurate illumination measurement, falling under tariff item 8541.49.00 as a photosensitive semiconductor diode other than photovoltaic cells or LEDs.

APD Avalanche Photodiode

> An avalanche photodiode with internal gain amplification, used for low-light detection in LIDAR systems and scientific instrumentation. This semiconductor diode operates under reverse bias to multiply photocurrent, classifying it under 8541.49.00 as a photosensitive semiconductor device other than photovoltaics or LEDs.

Barcode Scanner Photodiode

> A linear photodiode array used in laser barcode scanners to collect reflected light and convert it into electrical signals for decoding. This photosensitive semiconductor diode array falls under tariff item 8541.49.00 as it is not a photovoltaic cell or LED, and is essential for retail scanning applications.

Color Sensor Photodiode

> An RGB photodiode array with three filtered channels for color verification in printing and quality control. This photosensitive semiconductor device detects red, green, and blue light components, classifying it under 8541.49.00 as a photosensitive diode other than photovoltaics or LEDs.

Fiber Optic PIN Diode

> A high-speed PIN photodiode designed for 10Gbps fiber optic receiver modules in telecommunications. This photosensitive semiconductor diode converts optical signals to electrical current, and is classified under 8541.49.00 as a photosensitive diode other than photovoltaics or LEDs.

Flame Detection Photodiode

> A UV-sensitive photodiode used for industrial flame detection in furnaces and burners. This photosensitive semiconductor diode responds specifically to ultraviolet flame emissions, and is classified under 8541.49.00 as a photosensitive diode other than photovoltaics or LEDs.

InGaAs Photodiode Detector

> An Indium Gallium Arsenide (InGaAs) photodiode optimized for near-infrared light detection in fiber optic and spectroscopy applications. This compound semiconductor diode is classified under 8541.49.00 as a photosensitive semiconductor device other than photovoltaic cells or LEDs.

Medical Pulse Oximeter Photodiode

> A high-precision photodiode for medical pulse oximetry, detecting red and infrared light transmission through tissue to measure blood oxygen saturation. This photosensitive semiconductor diode is classified under 8541.49.00 as a photosensitive diode other than photovoltaics or LEDs.

PIN Photodiode Array

> A linear array of PIN photodiodes used for position sensing and barcode scanning in industrial automation. This photosensitive semiconductor array falls under tariff item 8541.49.00 as it is not a photovoltaic panel or LED, and is designed for light detection.

Proximity Sensor Photodiode

> An infrared photodiode paired with an emitter for reflective object detection up to 10cm range, commonly used in consumer electronics and vending machines. This photosensitive semiconductor diode is classified under 8541.49.00 as a photosensitive diode other than photovoltaics or LEDs.

Quadrant Photodiode Position Sensor

> A four-quadrant photodiode for precise beam position detection in optical alignment systems, critical for laser positioning and tracking. This photosensitive semiconductor diode is classified under 8541.49.00 as a photosensitive diode other than photovoltaics or LEDs.

Silicon Photodiode Sensor

> A silicon-based photosensitive diode that converts light into electrical current, used in light meters and optical sensors. This semiconductor device is classified under tariff item 8541.49.00 as a photosensitive diode other than photovoltaic cells or LEDs.

Smoke Density Photodiode

> An infrared photodiode for smoke obscuration measurement in fire alarm systems, detecting light attenuation in duct smoke detectors and clean room monitors. This photosensitive semiconductor diode is classified under 8541.49.00 as a photosensitive diode other than photovoltaics or LEDs.

Solar Position Tracking Photodiode

> A dual-axis tracking photodiode for heliostat and solar concentrator alignment, providing error signals for precise sun tracking. This photosensitive semiconductor diode is classified under 8541.49.00 as a photosensitive diode for position sensing, not power generation.